Evolução e fundamentos da Gestalt-terapia:

história, teoria e prática

Abstract

This study investigated the historical trajectory and foundations of Gestalt therapy to determine its philosophical and theoretical influences. The research utilized a narrative bibliographic review to present basic conceptions about development, illness, psychodiagnosis, psychotherapy, and full contact. In identifying the influences that enabled the structuring of the approach, it was found that it was structured based on philosophical influences such as humanism, phenomenology, and existentialism, in addition to theories such as Gestalt Psychology and Field Theory. Furthermore, in elucidating the main characteristics of the approach, a psychodiagnosis was identified that comprehends the client in their entirety and context, breaking dualisms and focusing on the relationships between symptoms, the individual, and the environment. A psychotherapy was also identified that aims to confirm and strengthen the client's self-support, enhance awareness, and stimulate new creative adjustments, promoting the dissolution of unfinished gestalts. It was concluded that this approach emerged as a response to the rigidity of Psychoanalysis, establishing itself as a holistic and flexible psychotherapy that, through full contact, promotes self-knowledge, self-regulation, and personal development.